The Argentine went into Tuesday night's game having never scored past Gianluigi Buffon but he put that particular statistic behind him by scoring two fine goals to propel his side to victory.
The headlines pre-match were all about youngster Ousmane Dembele, who was given his first start for Barcelona since his €105m move from Borussia Dortmund.
The Frenchman looked sharp and showed glimpses of his ability against a determined Juventus defence.
Dembele looked the most likely to make something happen early on, racing past his marker and getting to the byline before attempting a series of probing runs, with mixed results.
Matteo De Sciglio had the game’s first real effort when he took aim from range but his effort was kept out by Ter Stegen’s fingertips.
The visitors showed the danger they pose on the counter-attack shortly after, with Paulo Dybala carrying the ball forward and testing Ter Stegen with a low strike after Lionel Messi’s free kick was cleared.
Clear-cut chances were at a premium in the first half, with most of the game’s efforts being strikes from range.
Miralem Pjanic saw a low shot saved before Buffon had to be alert to stop Dembele from racing through on goal.
Luis Suarez forced Buffon into his first real save after 23 minutes, powering a rebound goalwards after Messi’s low free kick was blocked. The Italian was equal to the shot though, producing a big right hand to keep the scores level.
Bentacur saw a shot blocked before Gonzalo Higuain called Ter Stegen into action with a tame strike from an angle.
Ousmane Dembele almost broke the deadlock when he seized on a loose pass on the edge of the box and looked for the top corner but his effort was blocked away for a corner. The Frenchman wanted a penalty for the challenge on him but the referee was unmoved.
The game dropped into a lull at this point as Blaise Matuidi tried to bulldoze his way through the Barcelona defence.
The deadlock was finally broken just before half-time, with Lionel Messi continuing his fine start to the season.
The Argentine exchanged passes with Luis Suarez just outside the Juve box and upon gathering the return he strode forward before firing low into the far corner from the edge of the area to give Barca the lead at the half.
The visitors started the second half at a much higher tempo and could have equalised immediately after the restart.
Alex Sandro’s low cross was only cleared as far as Paulo Dybala but he fired over as he looked for the top corner. From that point on though, the hosts started to get a stranglehold on the game.
Lionel Messi went close to adding to his tally for the night as his effort from the edge of the box crashed back off the post.
The hosts didn’t have to wait long to double their lead though with Ivan Rakitic pouncing on a loose ball to put Barca in control of the tie after 56 minutes.
Messi was given the freedom of the Camp Nou down the right and he advanced before sending in a low cross. That was scrambled away but only as far as Rakitic, who tucked away the loose ball.
It was all Barca from that point on. Messi saw a free kick well saved by Buffon away to his right but there was no stopping the Argentine minutes later.
He picked the ball up 30 yards out before cutting inside, beating two defenders and firing a powerful low drive past a helpless Buffon from the edge of the box.
Barca thought they had added further gloss to the scoreline late on as Luis Suarez saw a goal chalked off for offside.
The visitors meanwhile thought they had got themselves a consolation late on but Gerard Pique was on hand to clear Mehdi Benatia's header off the line.
The win puts Barca in complete control of Group D, whilst Juventus will be concerned to come up so short against Spanish opposition once again.