Sergio Busquets was taken off for Andre Gomes in the 61st minute of the contest, which the Catalans won 3-0 to go through to the quarter-finals of European football's elite club competition for an 11th consecutive year.
The Spain international is a doubt for Barcelona's Champions League quarter-final first leg after being ruled out for approximately three weeks with a fractured toe.
"Medical tests have confirmed that FC Barcelona player Sergio Busquets has suffered a fractured phalanx of the fifth toe of his right foot, with a wound. He is expected to be out of action for approximately 3 weeks," a statement released by the Catalan club read.
"Busquets left the field of play during the Champions League game against Chelsea on Wednesday night, replaced on 60 minutes by André Gomes after he had requested that he be substituted. The Camp Nou applauded him off. He has featured in 41 games so far this season, the majority as part of the starting XI."
Read an injury update on Sergio Busquets https://t.co/LDmsqUrml6 pic.twitter.com/4TUcXBNy1F
— FC Barcelona (@FCBarcelona) 15 de marzo de 2018
He will miss Barca's Liga games at home to Athletic Bilbao on Sunday and away to Sevilla on March 31, as well as Spain's international friendlies against Germany and Argentina.